Assessment Strategies Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation Strategies Paper - Essay Example The last viewpoint that should be acutely considered is the assessment devices to be utilized. The FLEXnet course can utilize various instruments as a result of the understudy decent variety so as to comprehend the particular needs of every one of the understudies. Moreover, it turns out to be anything but difficult to recognize the qualities and shortcomings of the students. This implies the understudies will be assessed in various settings, either in the study hall, in gatherings, as people, and in their separation learning condition. The significance of individual assessment is that it enables the understudy to understand their individual shortcomings and quality. As recommended by Billings and Halstead (2009), diaries fill in as a significant assessment instruments particularly for a gathering of students that epitomize such assorted variety as the FLEXnet course understudies. Preceding the resumption of learning, the student is required to record their desires for the course just as the information that they have of the course. This stage offers the students a chance to communicate in a non-formal way. The perspectives on the individual students are not just significant in getting the opportunity to comprehend the student yet additionally encourage the appropriation of important educating approaches. Aside from the pre-class diary, customary assessments during the learning procedure are fundamental. For this situation, the student is required to record what they have obtained over the span of learning just as t erritories that require improvement (Oermann et al, 2012). These individual assessments guarantee that the understudies procure information, can interface associations with factors just as encouraging the staff in usage of understudy focused educating procedures. A thought of an assessment test is additionally significant so as to guarantee that the understudies are in line with what they realize. Working in gatherings can enable the student to upgrade their mindfulness in a gathering setting. A significant system for the FLEX net course is the utilization of gathering

Language Settings and Social Classes in Blood Brothers :: Blood Brothers Willy Russell Social Class Essays

Mickeys first line in the scene is mother are you going to open the draining entryway for sure he is just seven and is swearing as of now which shows that he could have had a harsh childhood and we as of now realize that the mother isn't off. The mother answers Mickey? addressing who it is Mickey at that point answers whats up mam did you think I was the lease man. the mother is clearly staying away from the lease man because of money related battle. He clarifies how he has been playing cow young men and Indians which appears he should not have numerous tows and has figured out how to utilize his creative mind. His mother asks where had he been playing not down the harsh end I trust which demonstrates she doesn't believe herself to be of a lower class. he discloses to her he was up close to the huge houses she reveals to him how she doesn't like him up there however she doesn't give him an explanation he addresses her furthermore, she advises him to quiet down which is a lower class word (lower standard English) at that point they goon to discuss how his mum used to work up there and she stops the discussion as though she doesn't need to discuss it. Mickey at that point returns out and begins to play again then Mickey breaks in rhyme The sonnet is showing that he needs to be much the same as his sibling he looks to him like the more remote he never had. The manner in which he says the sonnet appears as though he really needs to be capable to spit in somebody's eye structure 20 yards he thinks its satisfactory and it appears Sammy has been rehearsing. Sammy has a lair which shows he could be getting away from a mind-blowing truth. Sammy draws explicit pictures of women in the pool which shows he knows about sex what's more, the male and female life systems. Mickey swears in the sonnet dying again is the ordinary language due to his group and the territory he is living in. toward the end he shoots a fanciful Sammy which could appear indications of envy or he could simply be shooting Sammy as the injustice. The way that in the sonnet Mickey makes reference to how Sammy is permitted to play with matches and heads to sleep late which shows that there mother doesn't generally have authority over what her youngsters do. All the things Sammy did appeared to be adequate by the youngsters in the regular workers zone. Act 2 scene 2 Eddie approaches Mickey first in the scene sure and expected also, says hellow the w is stretching the vowel so he is utilizing

Dictionaries to the Rescue On the Importance of Words in a Post-Truth Era

Dictionaries to the Rescue On the Importance of Words in a Post-Truth Era In his 1946 essay, Politics and the English Language, George Orwell discusses the consequences and causes of sloppy language. Its  a vicious cycle: “[Language] becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts.” In this “post-truth” age of “alternative facts”, when we can’t seem to agree on the most basic principles, Orwell’s essay is more relevant than ever. We are hungry for accurate language, desperate to find some way to at least agree on what words mean, even if we can’t agree on anything else. Dictionaries, the stuffy authorities of the grade school classroom, are stepping up into the gap. As Katherine Rosman wrote in a recent New York Times article, dictionaries are making a comeback. People are returning to them as a touch-stone of authoritative knowledge. A dictionary is no longer simply a book that is too big to fit into your purse; it’s an active presence in political discourse, entering the conversation in real-time on social media. Merriam-Webster (@MerriamWebster) and Dictionary.com (@Dictionarycom) are not only defining words, but also providing biting political commentary. Rosman reports that, according to the head of Dictionary.com’s marketing department, “the intent is not to be political or partisan”, but rather to “demonstrate the relevance and usefulness of an expanded vocabulary”. This may be true, but here’s the thing. Language, and our use of it, is inherently political. In an atmosphere of confusing rhetoric and blatant falsehoods, the very act of defining a word is political. Rooting out bad habits in language is essential in the fight against oppression. As Orwell says, “If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and to think clearly is a necessary first step toward political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concern of professional writers.” If you needed any proof of the power of books, here it is. Words, and how we use them, matter. Dictionary.com and Merriam-Webster are not just entertaining and informing us. They are taking an essential step towards freeing us: giving us the tools, the words, to free ourselves. This is important work, and in a world where the president of the United States is a Twitter troll, it’s risky work that takes bravery and stamina. These dictionaries are part of a community of people and organizations with the audacity to use words with precision in the face of mendacious power. Where words come from and what they mean matters. The history of a word is the history of a concept, and thats the foundation of our ability to talk about anything. Certain forces would like to redefine key concepts like racism and religious freedom. Dictionaries are on the front lines of that battle. They may not have set out to be political, but like many other respected institutions (e.g. libraries and schools), at the moment the very act of continuing to fulfill their function is political. I started out being amused by Merriam-Webster’s tweets, but as time goes on I’m increasingly in awe. As a writer and reader, I believe in the power of words to help carry us through this turbulent moment in history. It’s incredibly comforting to know that those benevolent linguistic deities of my childhood, the reliable old dictionaries, are on side.

Male Dominance In Hills Like White Elephants and The...

Both Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants and John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums portray oppressed female characters in the early 1900s. In Hemingway’s short, Jig is oppressed by her lover known only as â€Å"The American,† whereas, the main character in The Chrysanthemums, Elisa Allen, feels the weight of oppression from society (male dominated) as a whole. Although the driving force of the two women’s subjugation varies slightly, their emotional responses to such are what differentiate the two. Throughout Hills Like White Elephants, the American refers to his girlfriend only as Jig (which is a device used for measuring whiskey). This nickname implies that he sees her only as an object; a companion to his wolfish†¦show more content†¦It’s really not anything. It’s just to let the air in. (†¦) We’ll be fine afterward. Just like we were before† (pg 639). Although she does seem to struggle with the decision, it isn’t long until she relinquishes her objection, giving him authority over her morality and judgment. In The Chrysanthemum, Elisa Allen’s character is clearly the result of oppression in a male dominated community. Early on, Steinbeck makes it a point to establish her femininity (or lack there of) as the result of her marriage to, and life with, a common rancher and farmer: â€Å"Her figure looked blocked and heavy in her gardening costume, a man’s black hat pulled down over her eyes, clodhopper shoes, a figured print dress almost completely covered by a big corduroy apron with four big pockets to hold the snips, the trowel and scratcher, the seeds and the knife she worked with† (pg 1611). Elisa has obviously taken on a more masculine faà §ade due to her years spent on the farm. However, it seems apparent, both early on and later in the story that she has tried to maintain what femininity she has. She does not help with the ranch or the cultivation of the orchard, but rather tends to her own garden. Her reportedly stellar chrysanthemums represent her delicate side. By maintaining and ensuring a yearly exemplary flourish, Elisa sustains and nourishes her suppressed womanly essence. Although Steinbeck reveals that, â€Å"The

Impact of Social Networking Websites on Business - 2526 Words

IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES ON BUSINESS | Asheri George MatembeleApril 16, 2013 | Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Literature Review 3 Comparison of Social Networking Websites 5 Benefits of using social network websites for business 6 How to Use Social Networking Websites for Business 8 Problems Associated with Social Networking Websites 10 Conclusion 10 References 11 Abstract A social networking website is a social structure build-up of individuals or organizations called â€Å"nodes†, which are connected by one or more specific types of mutuality, such as friendship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike relationships of beliefs, knowledge, prestige and information. This paper focuses on social†¦show more content†¦MySpace is easy to use for anyone to submit profile information, even if they have lack of online experience. Comparison of Social Networking Websites There are several different social networking websites and hard to decide which are best for the business. Following figures and tables will give insight to choose suitable one for business somehow. Figure 1: Number of registered users on Major Social Networking Websites According â€Å"Figure: 1†, vast amount of users are registered in Facebook. Google+ and Twitter has only 25% of number of Facebook’s registered users. Businesses can be reached many targeted users on the Facebook easily more than other social networking websites. Figure 2: Percentage of Gender distribution by major social networking websites Benefits of using social network websites for business Businesses are getting insight about the benefits of using social networking websites to retain and attract customers. They began to see that their competitors are taking many advantages because of using social networking efforts, they quickly followed suit. Nowadays most of the businesses can be found on asocial networking websites. They are communicating with their customers and clients via social networking websites. They are updating their information or statuses and occasionally acting like they are a part of community. 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Research Study on Gender Bias in Education Free Essays

string(96) " given a general description of the study and asked whether they would be willing to volunteer\." Gender Biases in Education: Math Nicole S. Tester Bryant University Abstract This research project conducted was to find out whether women were more affected by gender based expectations than men. This was done by giving both young men and young women a simple standardized math test which most likely they had all been taught and exposed to in the past. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Study on Gender Bias in Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now This particular test was designed to be at or below the performance level of most college students. There was two versions of the test instructions, with one version providing information about men typically outperforming women on the test, and the other version stating the opposite. These instructions were used as a form of deception to prove my hypothesis. My hypothesis was that women would be more affected by this deception than would the men. My results proved otherwise. Results showed there was little difference in the way the women and men performed on these tests on either version. The ANOVA testing showed these clear results. Does Performance Reflect Success? Gender biases are present in the American culture. Women are put in a stereotype as the one to stay at home cleaning and cooking while men are believed to have to bring home the paychecks. How we live though is not the only area with gender biases. There are biases when it comes to sports, who can do what jobs and even education. Women are believed to be better at the education aspects having to do with words and comprehension while men are believed to be better at numbers or math. In the research world there is much controversy on whether the bias presented is true or not. Researchers have not been able to support this belief or disregard it due to the many conflicting results. A study done with the purpose of determining whether gender expectations still exist in present time, resulted in the idea that more and more genders are becoming equal in education (Jordan 2008). It was found that both sexes are more likely than ever to complete their high school education and even be able to obtain higher degree. The study also showed the gender gap in scores on the National Association of Education Progress becoming more and more narrow over time. Jordan does not refute the idea of gender bias in education but supported the idea that it is diminishing. These two researchers on the other hand, Fisher (2008) and Johnston (2005), have studies supporting their beliefs that gender biases in teaching are simply a myth. Both constructed research to support the idea that neither females nor males perform differently according to gender expectation or that these gender expectations are implemented at all. Fisher more, specifically, researching in math and Johnston in math and education. Chapman (2012) and Goetz (1996) though, both have studies that seem to prove otherwise. Chapman conducted a study, in Canada, which lead to the belief that gender discrepancies in teaching and education focus more positively on females. Chapman believes males are the ones taking losses in education expectancies. Goetz on the other hand, researched and came up with results which led him to believe American educators focus their attention more on males allowing them a positive advantage. After learning so much from previous research it can be accurately inferred that the gender bias in education does exist. A psychologist, Ghandi (2006) stated in his study the truth behind the bias. He used this truth to conduct a study in which he found that women not only believe the bias but are subject to it when they are told they will fail due to their gender. This particular study is what laid down the foundation for my research study. All of the above researchers knew the biased existed and all tried to support it or disprove it. This research project has one purpose; to find out not if gender biases exist but whether women are affected by these gender based expectations more than men. In many colleges and universities women are very comfortable with their gender; they are powerful, and successful. There are clubs devoted to women’s sexuality, success, and even fashion senses. There are awards given to women who have gotten superior grades, been offered great jobs, or are simply a success. Knowing this, what I want to learn is whether these women who are so highly praised and allowed the same success as men are still subjects to gender based expectations, more specifically in learning and education. In my study I will be deceiving the participants into thinking that only women will be successful in this study or to another group I will be saying only men will be successful. The way this will be done is by using simple high school level math tests. Before he test I will be falsely informing half of my participants (equal number of females and males) that only men will pass this test, and then I will repeat this with the other half of my participants but falsely informing them of the opposite. The fact that I will play on women’s vulnerability will allow me to learn whether these very empowered and successful women will still be so after being told th ey will fail before even trying. My hypothesis is that these women will be affected by such a statistic and depending on the false statistic they get, they will fulfill it. Methods Participants Forty eight undergraduate volunteers (24 males and 24 females) from Bryant University took part in this study. The average age of participants was recorded at 20. 22 years (SD=1. 13). No cultural or ethnic backgrounds were recorded. With help from different psychology professors a general description was given out within psychology classes and volunteers were recruited. To these participants in particular extra credit was allotted. The rest of the participants were recruited through word of mouth and e-mail in which they were once again given a general description of the study and asked whether they would be willing to volunteer. You read "Research Study on Gender Bias in Education" in category "Essay examples" Each participant was tested individually and required approximately 15 minutes to complete study. Materials The study consisted of participants completing a standardized math test, four survey questions, and a deceptive article which can all be found in the appendix. The math test was found in an SAT math test practice site. This math test worked as the channel for the dependent variable (result on the test). The survey questions asked were simply used for collecting information. The questions did not ask sensitive information or anything that would put any participant at risk. Finally, the short article was written by myself and is completely fictional. It falsely informed the participants on information regarding SAT tests and reported false statistics on men outperforming women for half of the studies and the opposite for the other half. This was used as the deception part of the research which inconspicuously provided the participant with the independent variable (whether females or males pass this test) Procedures Forty eight students were recruited (24 females and 24 males) from Bryant University as the participants of my study. They were all recruited through psychology classes in which Professors gave a brief overview of what my study entailed and from there proceeded to recruit. The participants recruited in such a manner were rewarded with extra credit points in their class. The rest of the participants were recruited through word of mouth and group e-mails. With each participant recruited I have a brief explanation of what the study was comprised of, what it entailed, and more specifically what each participant would have to contribute. Once I recruited all participants which were necessary I began the research itself. At the start of their participation, each participant was handed a consent for in which they were asked to read thoroughly and if they agreed to the terms and conditions they were to sign and date. In the consent form participants were informed of their ability to leave the study at any time, their entitlement to any information and debriefing, on the confidentiality of the study and many more safety factors. To show the validity of the form I signed and dated on the same page each participant did right in front of them. Each participant agreed to the consent form allowing the study to continue. Once the consent form process was finished I would hand each participant the study packet. At this point they were told that each study was to be completed alone. The packet started off with an article which was entirely false and used to deceive each participant. On it there was made up information on the performance of genders on the SAT test throughout the past years. Each participant was informed that they would not be able to continue with the packet if they did not read these instructions. Once the instructions were read each participant could continue to the next section which consisted of the survey questions. These questions were purely used to collect data for analysis. Once the second part was completed each participant would continue on to the math portion of this study. The math portion of the test was a high school level standardized math test previously tested by college level participants. Each participant completed the math portion and would come to me to hand it in. when each individual would approach me I made sure to let them know the true nature of the study and informed them of the deceit. It was very important that no participant left the study with the false idea of one gender outperforming the other. I made sure each participant was thoroughly debriefed and had any questions they had answered. Results The data were analyzed using an ANOVA with the alpha level set at . 05. The main effect of gender participation was not significant, ? (1,44)=. 12, p=. 73, ? 2=. 003 and the main effect of gender test taking was not significant, ? (1,44)=. 00, p=1. 0, ? 2=. 00. However, the interaction between the gender participation and gender test was marginally significant, ? (1,44)=2. 97, p=. 9, ? 2=. 06. Figure 1 shows a cross-over interaction in which the two variables almost perfectly interact. My hypothesis stated that women’s scores would be more affected by the test gender and the deception then would the men’s. The results of the tests did not vary according to the gender of the participant or gender of the test. My hypothesis was not supported by the above da ta. There was, however, a notable factor in the results and the fact that they were similar in score for both genders. Discussion No significant main effect for test gender or participant gender occurred in this study. When taking a math test right after reading a deceitful article about the tendency of males or females to outperform the opposite sex, neither gender’s score seemed to be affected. This particular result is not what I predicted in my original hypothesis. Straying away from my belief that women would underperform the men once they were deceived into believing they would be outperformed, the results disproved my hypothesis. This outcome is consistent with the research of Fisher (2008) and Johnston (2005) in finding there is no significant gab in the performance of females and males in the subject of math. The results are not consistent though with those findings by Ghandi (2006) a researcher whose findings state that women do poorly on math when they are told their gender is to blame. Some factors which may have led to the inconsistency between my hypothesis and my results can be attributed to the limitation when conducting this research. Being part of such a small university, my research was very limited in the sample size it could use. Three thousand undergraduate students was a small population to choose just forty eight participants from. This also lead to what I believe was a biased sample since each and every participant was also my friend. The fact that the participants had a relationship with me could have caused an over performance level which would not usually happen. Some internal validity which should be looked at was the fact that many variables were simply not recorded. These factors include the race and ethnicity of the participant, whether English was their native language, if they understood the deceiving article in the start, and whether they understood every question asked in the math portion. Another internal validity factor is the way in which data was recorded. If this study were to be repeated, observation should definitely be an alternative way of recording data. There was so much happening as I observed each and every participant complete my study. Participants would get frustrated or smile the whole way through. Sometimes they would try to help each other out when I looked the other way or simply just guessed the answers since they did not want to be taking a math test. Using a standardized that does not give anything in return to these participants, should not have been my only source of data since it was not the best way to find results. Regardless of the limitations, new studies and research in the field of gender differences in education have resulted with outcomes very similar to mine. Although my hypothesis was not supported, the consistency it has with the studies of Fisher (2008) and Johnston (2005) only come to show that this study will be supporting much research in the psychology world. My results will be one more way to support the idea that there is little or no difference in gender performance in math. In addition to replicating my results, future research might extend the finding by examining other subjects in the world of education. Expanding the testing to be possibly in language, critical thinking, sciences and also math may give a better understanding on whether there is a discrepancy in women’s performance when they are told they are going to fail. Future research might also want to expand their sample by moving to younger generations in school, possibly in igh school, and older generations in and out of school. By doing so the outcome may result more accurately and allow a better understanding of the prediction. In conclusion, gender performance on standardized math tests do not have a direct link to the subject or the belief that one gender will outperform the other. After testing 48 participants (24 female and 24 male), giving each the same exact standardized math test but deceiving each to think they would outperform or underperform the opposite sex, no gender seemed to truly outperform. Each gender resulted close to equal. The results did not support my hypothesis but it led the way to a new hypothesis and a completely new approach to this study. References Goetz, J. (1996). In Education Expert: Classroom Gender Bias Persists. Cornell Cronicle. Retrieved from http://www. news. cornell. edu/chronicle/96/4. 25. 96/gender. html. Jordan, J (2008) The Myth of Gender Bias in School. Retrieved March 8, 2012. From http://www. parentdish. com/2008/05/20/the-myth-of-gender-bias-in-school/ Fisher, M (2008) Study: No gender differences in math performance. University of Wisconsin-Madison News. Retrieved from http://www. news. wisc. edu/15412 Johnston, T (2005) No evidence of innate gender differences in math and science, scholars assert. Stanford University News. Retrieved from http://news. stanford. edu/news/2005/february9/math-020905. html Gandhi, U. (2006) Gender bias in math skills doesn’t add up, scientists say. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www. theglobeandmail. com/news/technology/science/article197902. ece Chapman, A. (2012) Gender bias in education. Research Room. Retrieved from http://www. edchange. org/multicultural/papers/genderbias. html Table 1 Cross over interaction [pic] Appendix Survey questions Male/ Female (circle one) Date of Birth __________ Anticipated graduation year __________ Have you ever taken a standardized test (example: SAT) Math questions (standardized test) http://www. majortests. com/sat/problem-solving-test01 1. Of the following, which is greater than ? ? [pic]A. 2/5 [pic]B. 4/7 [pic]C. 4/9 [pic]D. 5/11 [pic]E. 6/13 2. If an object travels at five feet per second, how many feet does it travel in one hour? [pic]A. 30 [pic]B. 300 [pic]C. 720 [pic]D. 1800 [pic]E. 18000 3. What is the average (arithmetic mean) of all the multiples of ten from 10 to 190 inclusive? [pic]A. 90 [pic]B. 95 [pic]C. 100 [pic]D. 105 pic]E. 110 4. A cubical block of metal weighs 6 pounds. How much will another cube of the same metal weigh if its sides are twice as long? [pic]A. 48 [pic]B. 32 [pic]C. 24 [pic]D. 18 [pic]E. 12 5. In a class of 78 students 41 are taking French, 22 are taking German and 9 students are taking both French and German. How many students are not enrolled in either course? [pic]A. 6 [pic]B. 15 [pic]C. 24 [pic]D. 33 [pic]E. 54 6. If f(x) = Â ¦(x? – 50)Â ¦, what is the value of f(-5) ? [pic]A. 75 [pic]B. 25 [pic]C. 0 [pic]D. -25 [pic]E. -75 7. ( v2 – v3 )? = [pic]A. 5 – 2v6 [pic]B. 5 – v6 [pic]C. 1 – 2v6 [pic]D. 1 – v2 pic]E. 1 8. 230 + 230 + 230 + 230 = [pic]A. 8120 [pic]B. 830 [pic]C. 232 [pic]D. 230 [pic]E. 226 [pic] 9. Amy has to visit towns B and C in any order. The roads connecting these towns with her home are shown on the diagram. How many different routes can she take starting from A and returning to A, going through both B and C (but not more than once through each) and not travelling any road twice on the same trip? [pic]A. 10 [pic]B. 8 [pic]C. 6 [pic]D. 4 [pic]E. 2 [pic] 10. In the figure above AD = 4, AB = 3 and CD = 9. What is the area of triangle AEC ? [pic]A. 18 [pic]B. 13. 5 [pic]C. 9 [pic]D. 4. 5 [pic]E. 3 How to cite Research Study on Gender Bias in Education, Essays

Reagans Address at Challenger Memorial free essay sample

A critique of former President Reagans address at the Challenger Memorial from a speech communications perspective. This paper discusses ethos, pathos and logos, the five canons, the organizational pattern, aspects of delivery, visual aids, audience, and strengths and weaknesses of Ronald Reagans speech. On January 28th, 1986, the spaceship Challenger was set to take off. NASA and the crew on board were ready, and the Challenger was launched. Only 73 seconds after takeoff, the Challenger blew up, killing all seven crew members. Ronald Reagan, the current president of the United States of America, gave a memorial speech for the Challenger crew that perished on January 31st, 1986. He spoke about the loss of the seven families and the loss of the nation as well. He described each member of the crew, saying what their achievements were, and why they were important to the team. He also said that the space program would continue, despite this tragedy. We will write a custom essay sample on Reagans Address at Challenger Memorial or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He said that every family member that he had spoken to felt that each crew member would have wanted it that way. Reagan spoke at the memorial because the explosion was such a shock.

The Biggest Error of a New Freelance Writer

The Biggest Error of a New Freelance Writer Here lately Ive received a rash of emails asking me how to become a freelance writer and make money. Well, actually, they ask how they can write and get paid So, lets look at this for a moment . . . Im supposed to take on someone who is not a commercial writer, teach them how to write such that it IS marketable, then pay them $50 for 500 words that fit FundsforWriters. Some submitters become quite disgruntled when I refuse them. Some pitch me anyway, then when I reject (always with reasons to help them learn), they get angry that I am not giving a new writer a chance Note to writers everywhere: It is not an editors job to teach you how to write. When you pitch, you are professing to already know the craft. It should be only a  matter of the writers pitch fitting the need of the publication. The best ways to learn how to write for a publication: 1) Read all the freelance chapters in a Writers Market. 2) Read enough of the publication youre pitching to understand their style. 3) Read the guidelines and study the editorial calendar (if available). 4) Ensure your writing is polished enough so that the editor wants to read more. 5) Know the Chicago Manual of Style. Second note to writers: Editors are not there to edit your work for you. They are there to edit for the publication, to find the best topics for their readers and then edit the stories to fit the space. Take the time to learn how to write well. Then take the time to learn how to pitch smart. Do not use editors for your trial and error learning process. Find beta readers and critique groups to test drive your work. You cannot undo a first impression, and yes, many editors remember. An idea that doesnt quite fit is one thing.not knowing how to write is quite another. Freelance writing resources for the new freelance writer: therenegadewriter.com/ makealivingwriting.com/ writersmarket.com/

E.B. White on Writing

E.B. White on Writing Meet essayist E.B. White- and consider the advice he has to offer on writing and the writing process. Andy, as he was known to friends and family, spent the last 50 years of his life in an old white farmhouse overlooking the sea in North Brooklin, Maine. Thats where he wrote most of his best-known essays, three childrens books, and a best-selling style guide. Introduction to E.B. White A generation has grown up since E.B. White died in that farmhouse in 1985, and yet his sly, self-deprecating voice speaks more forcefully than ever. In recent years, Stuart Little has been turned into a franchise by Sony Pictures, and in 2006 a second film adaptation of Charlottes Web was released. More significantly, Whites novel about some pig and a spider who was a true friend and a good writer has sold more than 50 million copies over the past half-century. Yet unlike the authors of most childrens books, E.B. White is not a writer to be discarded once we slip out of childhood. The best of his casually eloquent essays- which first appeared in Harpers, The New Yorker, and The Atlantic in the 1930s, 40s, and 50s- have been reprinted in Essays of E.B. White (Harper Perennial, 1999). In Death of a Pig, for instance, we can enjoy the adult version of the tale that was eventually shaped into Charlottes Web. In Once More to the Lake, White transformed the hoariest of essay topics- How I Spent My Summer Vacation- into a startling meditation on mortality.   For readers with ambitions to improve their own writing, White provided The Elements of Style (Penguin, 2005)- a lively revision of the modest guide first composed in 1918 by Cornell University professor William Strunk, Jr. It appears in our short list of essential Reference Works for Writers. White was awarded the Gold Medal for Essays and Criticism of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award, the National Medal for Literature, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 1973 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. E.B. Whites Advice to a Young Writer What do you do when youre 17 years old, baffled by life, and certain only of your dream to become a professional writer? If you had been Miss R 35 years ago, you would have composed a letter to your favorite author, seeking his advice. And 35 years ago, you would have received this reply from E. B. White: Dear Miss R:At seventeen, the future is apt to seem formidable, even depressing. You should see the pages of my journal circa 1916.You asked me about writing- how I did it. There is no trick to it. If you like to write and want to write, you write, no matter where you are or what else you are doing or whether anyone pays any heed. I must have written half a million words (mostly in my journal) before I had anything published, save for a couple of short items in St. Nicholas. If you want to write about feelings, about the end of summer, about growing, write about it. A great deal of writing is not plotted- most of my essays have no plot structure, they are a ramble in the woods, or a ramble in the basement of my mind. You ask, Who cares? Everybody cares. You say, Its been written before. Everything has been written before. I went to college but not direct from high school; there was an interval of six or eight months. Sometimes it works out well to take a short vacation from the academic world- I have a grandson who took a year off and got a job in Aspen, Colorado. After a year of skiing and working, he is now settled into Colby College as a freshman. But I cant advise you, or wont advise you, on any such decision. If you have a counselor at school, Id seek the counselors advice. In college (Cornell), I got on the daily newspaper and ended up as editor of it. It enabled me to do a lot of writing and gave me a good journalistic experience. You are right that a persons real duty in life is to save his dream, but dont worry about it and dont let them scare you. Henry Thoreau, who wrote Walden, said, I learned this at least by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours. The sentence, after more than a hundred years, is still alive. So, advance confidently. And when you write something, send it (neatly typed) to a magazine or a publishing house. Not all magazines read unsolicited contributions, but some do. The New Yorker is always looking for new talent. Write a short piece for them, send it to The Editor. Thats what I did forty-some years ago. Good luck.Sincerely,E. B. White Whether youre a young writer like Miss R or an older one, Whites counsel still holds. Advance confidently, and good luck. E.B. White on a Writers Responsibility In an interview for The Paris Review in 1969, White was asked to express his views about the writers commitment to politics, international affairs. His response: A writer should concern himself with whatever absorbs his fancy, stirs his heart, and unlimbers his typewriter. I feel no obligation to deal with politics. I do feel a responsibility to society because of going into print: a writer has the duty to be good, not lousy; true, not false; lively, not dull; accurate, not full of error. He should tend to lift people up, not lower them down. Writers do not merely reflect and interpret life, they inform and shape life. E.B. White on Writing for the Average Reader In an essay titled Calculating Machine, White wrote disparagingly about the Reading-Ease Calculator, a device that presumed to measure the readability of an individuals writing style. There is, of course, no such thing as reading ease of written matter. There is the ease with which matter can be read, but that is a condition of the reader, not of the matter. There is no average reader, and to reach down toward this mythical character is to deny that each of us is on the way up, is ascending. It is my belief that no writer can improve his work until he discards the dulcet notion that the reader is feebleminded, for writing is an act of faith, not of grammar. Ascent is at the heart of the matter. A country whose writers are following the calculating machine downstairs is not ascending- if you will pardon the expression- and a writer who questions the capacity of the person at the other end of the line is not a writer at all, merely a schemer. The movies long ago decided that a wider communication could be achieved by a deliberate descent to a lower level, and they walked proudly down until they reached the cellar. Now they are groping for the light switch, hoping to find the way out. E.B. White on Writing With Style In the final chapter of The Elements of Style (Allyn Bacon, 1999), White presented 21 suggestions and cautionary hints to help writers develop an effective style. He prefaced those hints with this warning: Young writers often suppose that style is a garnish for the meat of prose, a sauce by which a dull dish is made palatable. Style has no such separate entity; is nondetachable, unfilterable. The beginner should approach style warily, realizing that it is himself he is approaching, no other; and he should begin by turning resolutely away from all devices that are popularly believed to indicate style- all mannerisms, tricks, adornments. The approach to style is by way of plainness, simplicity, orderliness, sincerity. Writing is, for most, laborious and slow. The mind travels faster than the pen; consequently, writing becomes a question of learning to make occasional wing shots, bringing down the bird of thought as it flashes by. A writer is a gunner, sometimes waiting in his blind for something to come in, sometimes roaming the countryside hoping to scare something up. Like other gunners, he must cultivate patience; he may have to work many covers to bring down one partridge. Youll notice that while advocating a plain and simple style, White conveyed his thoughts through artful metaphors. E.B. White on Grammar Despite the prescriptive tone of The Elements of Style, Whites own applications of grammar and syntax were primarily intuitive, as he once explained in The New Yorker: Usage seems to us peculiarly a matter of ear. Everyone has his own prejudices, his own set of rules, his own list of horribles. The English language is always sticking a foot out to trip a man. Every week we get thrown, writing merrily along. English usage is sometimes more than mere taste, judgment, and education- sometimes its sheer luck, like getting across a street. E.B. White on Not Writing In a book review titled Writers at Work, White described his own writing habits- or rather, his habit of putting off writing. The thought of writing hangs over our mind like an ugly cloud, making us apprehensive and depressed, as before a summer storm, so that we begin the day by subsiding after breakfast, or by going away, often to seedy and inconclusive destinations: the nearest zoo, or a branch post office to buy a few stamped envelopes. Our professional life has been a long shameless exercise in avoidance. Our home is designed for the maximum of interruption, our office is the place where we never are. Yet the record is there. Not even lying down and closing the blinds stops us from writing; not even our family, and our preoccupation with same, stops us.

Working with and Leading people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Working with and Leading people - Essay Example Testing and assessment should also be done in this stage. The next step will be interviewing the candidates. This allows the organization to further understand a candidate. An interview should go beyond the skills in a resume or the score of a test - it should focus on how the candidate can apply the skills and scores in the work environment. For a position of call centre are much needed, a person possessing high level of communication skills and social interaction. These agents should have the capacity to handle customer service in an international set-up. Applicants should also possess technical knowledge in the fields where the agent is assigned. For call centre manager handling corporate clients, a perfect candidate would be a person that has superb leadership and management skills. He should also display mastery in receiving/conducting calls so that he can be a perfect example to the staff he is leading. Therefore he should have effective communication and interaction skills that his subordinates can emulate. For a human resources department administrator, an applicant should have excellent presentation skills and can motivate others by his inspirational and motivating speeches. Call centre business needs someone who can uplift the spirits of agents who are prone to be upset by distracting and irritating calls. This is exactly their job. A manager A manager that has a just and conscientious vision for his fellow employees, that is what a human resources manager should possess. He should have the zeal to improve his other employees in the company. To put this vision into action, the candidate for this post should have superb managerial and planning skills and capable of spearheading the organization towards staff development. He should also have sufficient knowledge in pertinent legal knowledge needed to ensure that employees will be given just compensation and benefits. Just like the human resources manager, the senior sales manager should be competent in meticulously planning the sales campaign of the company. He should be able to produce sales targets and quotas for his sales representatives. Training his sales force is his other significant responsibility. Because of this, he should have excellent presentation and training skills (Assessment and Selection, 2007). Security staff should be vigilant and physically fit for the position. Since security personnel are needed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, applicants should also be willing to work in different 8-hour shifts. In recruiting, human resources personnel should be wary about certain legal, regulatory and ethical requirements. The first one is the character and productivity background of the applicant. HR personnel have the responsibility to look over the attitude and behaviour of its applicants. Yet in doing so, the HR should be cautious about the legal issues in recruiting. One such concern is the right of the applicants against discrimination from disability. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 in the UK protects the rights of the disabled (Employer's Forum for Disability, 2004). Aside from this, UK has various laws that will protect employee's rights, such as Race Relations Act 1976, Sex Discrimination Act 1975, and Employment Equality Regulations 2003 (Independent Police Complaints Commission, n.d., p.2). Full-time long term employees have the experience unparalleled by the new-comers. They also have the zealous concern in

Motivation based on the Video Case.Dick Learns About Tipping Case Study

Motivation based on the Video .Dick Learns About Tipping - Case Study Example It can either be positive or negative. In the video, Dick Solomon promises the waitress that there is one pile of one dollar bills and calls it ‘potential tip’(stimulant). This indicates that the tip will not just be unleashed for the normal service but for satisfactory service (the desire). He then tells the waitress that if he is pleased, the pile of the tip grows (positive reinforcement). Otherwise if unsatisfied, the pile shrinks (negative stimulus). As the waitress places the drinks on the table, she serves Mary the Dick’s drunk and vice versa. At that point, Dick interchanges the drinks and goes further to penalize the waitress for that mistake as they earlier agreed. The waitress does not know the salad dressings and again the pile shrinks. On bringing the dressings, the first one doesn’t appeal Dick and he goes on to deduct the tip but on tasting the second one, he finds it nice and adds some more bills to the tip. The waitress now more enthusiastic comes with two alternatives of what the two would have for dinner. Dick is dissatisfied by the options and decides to reduce the tip. At that point the waitress reactions show displeasure (the undesirable behavior). The expectancy theory assumes that people will perform better when they believe money will follow effective performance (Spector, p. 235-257). If money has a positive value for an individual, higher performance is expected (the waitress is happy when a tip is proposed). For a staff, outcomes are outcomes that are highly valued and high expectations will direct a person to make greater effort in the task (depicted by the waitress enthusiasm). In this video, Dick’s strategy was not successful. This is depicted where Mary has to come in between Dick and the waitress to be a reconciler. Mary decides to pay the meals as she saw that both Dick and the waitress were unpleased by each other. To increase the success of his attempts to motivate the waitress, Dick could hav e employed the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory explains how goal setting importantly relates to job performance. It states that clear and challenging goals with feedback lead to better job performance (Locke, Edwin, & Gary, p388). Goals give direction of what is expected thus indicates the efforts required. In this scenario of Dick, he could have stated from the word go what he specifically wanted. He ordered the drinks well without waiting for the waiter to suggest for him the variety of drinks they served. Similarly, he could have done so for the meal. In so doing, it would have been easier for the waitress to serve them efficiently because the goals are specific, clear, and realistic. The waitress serving her clients was an enough motivator for her to see her clients (Dick and Mary) satisfied. Again, if Dick’s feedback was appropriate as it is advocated for in this theory, the waitress could have served them better. After the waitress mentioned the type of m eal they offered, Dick just rushed to reducing the tip. Instead, he could have explained his displeasure and could have been served well. Tommy and Harry’s behavior was influenced by equity and reinforcement theories. Equity theory advocates the principle of balance, fairness and justice. Ones motivational level is thus measured against his level of perception of equity. In our case, when Tommy is standing he receives tips from two passersby while Harry who is sited receives from one passerby. On realizing this,

Forgotten People of the Blue Highways Essay -- Blue Highways

Forgotten People of the Blue Highways Journeying along the back roads of the blue highways of the road maps, William Least Heat Moon discovers the forgotten people of America in Blue Highways. In the beginning, his trip seems to be motivated by anger and disillusion. But when readers look deeper into the story, they see that Least Heat Moon focuses the attention on how to "climb out of a world which he realized was impersonal and materialistic" (Lyons 63). By avoiding the large cities, he focuses his attention on the forgotten civilizations. His ability to convey feelings with his storytelling doesn't commercialize the people or the stories. According to one critic, "Least Heat Moon has the judgment to step aside and let them tell their own often remarkable stories in their own words" (Perrin, 858). By mapping out his route, Least Heat Moon goes full circle from his hometown of Columbia Missouri to Othello, New Jersey, and back. Feeling as if his life is going nowhere, Least Heat Moon starts his journ ey in the middle of America. Throughout the novel, t...

Scarlet Letter Notes Ch. 8-10

Scarlet Letter Notes American Lit. ACC Per. 1 9/17/11 Chapters 8-10 Plot- (Chapter 8) Hester and Pearl meet Governor and guests. Governor and Wilson call Pearl a child of Satan or sin? Governor wants to remove Pearl from Hester’s care Hester says she can teach Pearl from her mistakes. Wilson questions Pearl regarding Christian faith. Pearl tries to escape through the window and refuses to answer his questions even though she probably would of gotten them right. Pearl announces she was not made but plucked from the rose bush. Wilson states Pearl should not be with HesterHester argues her case but the governor and Wilson don’t listen to her so she goes to Dimmesdale for help. Dimmesdale comes to her aid and argues her case. Succeeds and Minister and Governor rests the case. Pearl shows a sign of love towards Dimmesdale and he kisses her on her brow in return. Chillingworth tries to get the men to look for the father. Men refuse his plan. Governor’s sister invites H ester to witch’s ceremony. Hester refuses (CHAPTER9) Describes Chillingworth. He left behind his entire identity after he found out that his wife committed adultery.He severed all ties with his past life and created a new identity as the town physician. The people like him because of his vast knowledge of herbs and medicine that he learned from being with native Americans for a long time. Treats Reverend Dimmesdale. People start to wonder if Dimmesdale wants to die or something else after he refuses treatment but later on accepts. Chillingworth scrutinizes Dimmesdale’s actions and finds something suspicious in them. The two men reside in the same house so that Chillingworth can take care of him. Dimmesdale has no interest in marrying any of the townswomen.They have live in two completely different kinds of rooms (holy vs. scientific) People start to wonder about the physician and the more they look at him his face becomes more evil and sooty. They began the theory that the physician was sent by the devil and is fighting a war with Dimmesdale making him sick. (CHAPTER10) CHillingworth wants to find out more about Dimmesdale’s background and his story. The men are talking about burying sin and a heart of sin They hear pearl and Hester outside in the graveyard. Pearl runs away telling her mom that the devil has gotten the minister and she dosent want him to get them too.The two men talk and when the minister falls asleep, Chillingworth opens his shirt and finds something on him and rejoices. Setting- Governor Billingham’s Estate- grand estate filled with pictures of the Governor’s ancestors and decorated with medieval things (ex. The armor) Old English castle like. Chillingworth and Dimmesdale’s house- in between the church and the graveyard. Characters- Governor Billingham- old, elderly man who governs the town. Likes Old English things ( his house) John Wilson- strict pastor Hester Prynne- committed adultery and had a b aby, Pearl.Pearl- child of Hester and is accused of being a witch or child of Satan Dimmesdale- town’s reverend, health declining due to pastoral duties Chillingworth- friends with Dimmesdale, been in town for two to three years, physician Conflict- Hester Prynne v. Society- the people want to take away Pearl to educate her in a Christian manner but Hester states that Pearl is better of with her because she can learn from Hester’s mistake. Dimmesdale saves her by arguing her cause. Dimmesdale v Himself: He is described as more ill than before. He keeps his hand to his heart and â€Å"his large dark eyes had a world of pain in heir troubled and melancholy depth† (101). Religion v. Science- There had been many arguments between science and the divine nature. Chillingworth is science driven while Dimmesdale is devoted to God and his religion. This can become a greater conflict later on in the book. Chillingworth v. Dimmesdale- chillingworth is trying to find out th e mystery behind the reverend. Townspeople v. Chillingworth- at first welcome him but then grow weary when his facial features turn evil and deceiving. Symbolism- Pearl- she is a physical representation of the scarlet letter, a constant reminder of Hester’s sin.Saved Hester from becoming a witch after she was granted guardianship of Pearl forever. â€Å"Heavenly Father†- represents the God as the father of everyone and also my theory about Dimmesdale being the father since he is holy and a reverend. The House- it is pretty but it resides on and in between the graveyard and the church kind of like Dimmesdale himself. He is a reverend yet he looks physically dead because of his illness and heartache. Chillingworth- the Devil, from what Hester called him when they talked and what the people and the narrator describe as his changing features (demon-like)

Healthcare, Scripps Mercy Hospital, And Kaiser Permanente

Sharp Healthcare, Scripps Mercy Hospital, and Kaiser Permanente are the major stakeholders in the San Diego healthcare market. The main competitor for Scripps Mercy Hospital is Sharp Healthcare, with both hospitals having around 25% of the inpatient discharge. Furthermore, Sharp has a slight edge over Scripps regarding the overall comprehensive care provided. Kaiser Permanente and UCSD Medical Center maintain approximately 10% of the market share (Tu et al., 2013). In terms of space and resources, all of these hospitals provide emergency care and acute care facilities. Both UCSD Medical Center and Sharp Healthcare equally engage Scripps Mercy in providing a diversity of medical facilities. Moreover, UCSD Medical Center and Sharp Healthcare are the major competitors in this distinct segment. Kaiser Permanent poses a moderate risk to Scripps Mercy Hospital, as it outsources significant services to other hospitals. Kaiser permanent is planning to grow in this segment as it has plans to expand by three more hospitals by the end of 2030. In the near future, Kaiser Permanente will ultimately become a major competitor for Scripps (Tu et al., 2013). Sharp Healthcare provides substantial competition to Scripps Mercy in terms of cost-effectiveness, as Sharp is one of the lowest cost providers. In general, Scripps provides most services at a premium cost. Furthermore, all of the other three hospitals are high-risk competitors to Scripps Mercy Hospital in this segment. The quality ofShow MoreRelatedThe Major Stakeholders Of San Diego Healthcare Market1301 Words   |  6 Pages Sharp, Scripps and Kaiser are the major stakeholders in San Diego Healthcare market. The main competitor for Scripps is the Sharp Healthcare, with both hospitals having around 25% of Inpatient discharge, Sharp has the slight edge over Scripps. Kaiser Permanent, UCSD and other hospitals have approximately 10% of market share. (Tu et al., 2013). In terms of facilities, all these hospitals provide Emergency care and Acute care facilities. Both UCSD and Sharp match with Scripps in providing all facilities

Linguistic and Social Contexts Definition and Examples

Pronunciation: KON-text Adjective: contextual. Etymology: From the Latin, join weave In communication and composition, context refers to the words and sentences that surround any part of a discourse and that help to determine its meaning. Sometimes called linguistic context. In a broader sense, context may refer to any aspects of an occasion in which a speech-act takes place, including the social setting and the status of both the speaker and the person whos addressed. Sometimes called social context. Our choice of words is constrained by the context in which we use the language. Our personal thoughts are shaped by those of others, says author Claire Kramsch. Observations In common use almost every word has many shades of meaning, and therefore needs to be interpreted by the context, says textbook writer Alfred Marshall. The mistake is to think of words as entities. They depend for their force, and also for their meaning, on emotional associations and historical overtones, and derive much of their effect from the impact of the whole passage in which they occur. Taken out of their context, they are falsified. I have suffered a great deal from writers who have quoted this or that sentence of mine either out of its context or in juxtaposition to some incongruous matter which quite distorted my meaning, or destroyed it altogether, says Alfred North Whitehead, British mathematician and philosopher. Text and Context [British linguist M.A.K. Halliday] maintains that meaning should be analyzed not only within the linguistic system, but also taking into account the social system in which it occurs. In order to accomplish this task, both text and context must be considered. Context is a crucial ingredient in Hallidays framework: Based on the context, people make predictions about the meanings of utterances, says Patricia Mayes, PhD, an associate professor of English at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Dimensions of Context According to the book, Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon, Recent work in a number of different fields has called into question the adequacy of earlier definitions of context in favor of a more dynamic view of the relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic dimensions of communicative events. Instead of viewing context as a set of variables that statically surround strips of talk, context and talk are now argued to stand in a mutually reflexive relationship to each other, with talk, and the interpretive work it generates, shaping context as much as context shapes talk. Language is not merely a set of unrelated sounds, clauses, rules, and meanings; it is a total coherent system of these integrating with each other, and with behavior, context, universe of discourse, and observer perspective, says American linguist and anthropologist Kenneth L. Pike. Vygotskys Influence on Studies of Context in Language Use According to writer, Larry W. Smith, Although [Belarusian psychologist Lev] Vygotsky did not write extensively specifically about the concept of context, all of his work implies the importance of context both at the level of individual speech acts (whether in inner speech or social dialogue) and at the level of historical and cultural patterns of language use. Vygotskys work (as well as that of others) has been an impetus in the development of the recognition of the need to pay close attention to context in studies of language use. For example, an interactionist approach following Vygotsky is readily compatible with recent developments in such linguistics- and language-associated fields as sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, and the ethnography of communication precisely because Vygotsky recognized the importance of both immediate contextual constraints and the wider social, historical, and cultural conditions of language use. Sources Goodwin, Charles and Alessandro Duranti. Rethinking Context: An Introduction, in Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon. Cambridge University Press, 1992. Kramsch, Claire. Context and Culture in Language Teaching. Oxford University Press,  1993. Marshall, Alfred. Principles of Economics. Rev. ed, Prometheus Books, 1997. Mayes, Patricia.  Language, Social Structure, and Culture.  John Benjamins, 2003. Pike, Kenneth L. Linguistic Concepts: An Introduction to Tagmemics. University of Nebraska Press, 1982. Smith, Larry W. Context. Sociocultural Approaches to Language and Literacy: An Interactionist Perspective. Edited by Vera John-Steiner, Carolyn P. Panofsky, and Larry W. Smith. Cambridge University Press, 1994. Whitehead, Alfred North. Philosophers Do Not Think in a Vacuum. Dialogues of Alfred North Whitehead. Recorded by Lucien Price. David R. Godine, 2001.

The Declaration of Independence - 1186 Words

Political, Social and financial significance of the Declaration of Independence Often a single document defines and commemorates an event or a moment in time that is of importance. The Declaration of Independence is the principal document that defines and commemorates the birth of the United States and the independence of our nation. The Declaration of Independence defines the right of the people to defy the established order, to change their government, and to throw off an oppressor. [1] The Declaration of Independence expresses Americas foundation and independence and the basic freedoms that this nation strives to embody, such as life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. The important thing about the Declaration of Independence is†¦show more content†¦Yet the general economic picture was far from rosy. War had spawned demoralizing extravagance, speculation and profiteering, with profits for some as indecently high as 300 percent. Runaway inflation had been ruinous to many citizens, and Congress had failed in its feeble attempts to curb economic laws. T he average citizen was probably worse off financially at the end of the shooting than the start. The whole economic and social atmosphere was unhealthy. A newly rich class of profiteers was noisily conspicuous, whereas many once-wealthy people were left destitute. The controversy leading to the Revolutionary war had bred a keen distaste for taxes and encouraged disrespect for the majesty of the law generally. John Adams has been shocked when gleefully told by a horse-jockey neighbor that the courts of justice were all closed, a plight that proved to be only temporary. Although each state was well prepared and eager to govern itself when Independence was declared, a state could not do some things on its own. It could not raise and maintain a large army. Americans realized that 13 small and separated forces would be no match for the big British army. Americans realized that if they wanted to win the war with Great Britain, they needed a single and strong army unde r a central control. For this and other reasons, the Second continental Congress made plans for aShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence And The Declaration Of Independence1833 Words   |  8 Pagessocieties all over the world, the government has always been viewed as the powerhouse and reliable source for a country’s decision-making process. Another similar source of official government documentation exists in the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was written by the third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson. During that time period that Jefferson seemed to be the most significant towards the political spectrum, America was just about to enter a birthRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And Independence1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important document in U.S history that helped led to this country s independence from Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence helped us earn our freedom to become an independent nation with our own rules. However, without Thomas Jefferson and the rest of their concerns and reasons for separating this wouldn t have been possible. The writing alone wouldn’t have made this document memorable.The use of rhetoricalRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And Independence877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is without a doubt one of the most important documents ever to be written in American history so far. It was signed by fifty-six different men, all who were representatives from different states. The person who wrote the Declaration of Independence is someone who we all know and grew up learning about, the famous Thomas Jefferson. The purpose of it was to declare the 13 colonies in America free and independent from Great Britain, getRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And Independence969 Words   |  4 PagesThe US Constitution, The Declaration of Independence as well as the Letter to the Danbury Baptist are not just historical documents, but some of if not the most important documents of the history of our nation. Although, similar in many facets the intentions and the goal pursued by each highlight their individuality. The fact that the Declaration of Independence was the first to be implemented and signed is of significant importance as it set the pace and put in motion the proceeding documents thatRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And Independence1972 Words   |  8 PagesThe Declaration of Independence brought America its independence, and it self, as well as our constitution. The declaration of independence had many positive effects on America. The Declaration of Independence is the usual name of a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. This stated that the thirteen American colonies, called themselves the thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and that they were no longer a part of the British Empire. Instead of staying in the BritishRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And Independence3280 Words   |  14 PagesWho were the writers of the Declaration of Independence? Who are our founding fathers and where did they receive these great ideas? I will examine the main writer of the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson and look at the sources he used to begin our count ry. If Thomas Jefferson was a student at the United States Sergeant Major Academy, and he submitted his Declaration of Independence to turn it in would he pass? Were our founding fathers even great thinkers or were they just takingRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence1330 Words   |  6 Pagesparagraph of the most significant of all American historical documents, the Declaration of Independence. The very theory of natural rights dramatically influenced the conception of this starting paragraph. Natural rights is a political theory that strongly asserts that each individual who enters into any society possesses certain rights that no government can deny. The Declaration of Independence is a full and formal declaration adopted on July 4, 1776 by the representatives of the thirteen coloniesRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And Its Independence1765 Words   |  8 PagesThe Declaration of Independence remains a sacred but a poorly understood document to numerous people. To understand the most significant issue found in the document itself, we must first observe the historical context behind the text itself. Commonly, the text itself represents a range of America’s efforts to create a new and independent society but what made Americans so prone to declare itself its independence? As the document reveals a list of issues that ultimately led civilians to free themselvesRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence1200 Words   |  5 Pages The Declaration of Independence is one of the most remarkable documents of the United States of America. The elaborate document contains almost fourteen-hundred words including a basic structure divided into two parts and within the two divided parts contains four main ideas within seven components. The declaration is not just any standard written document; it is a work of art painted by colonists who are driven by rage because of King George III of Great Britain injustices’ toward the coloniesRead MoreSimilarities Between The Declaration Of Independence And The Declaration Of Independence948 Words   |  4 Pageswithstood the test of time and have become statement pieces for our society. In this group, the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson and Common Sense by Thomas Paine both hold high positions. Thomas Paine wrote â€Å"The Crisis†, which was a chapter in his pamphlet Common Sense, which advocated that the thirteen original colonies gain independence from Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence was a government document written in 1776 that proclaims America a state of democracy not connected

Sally Jameson Free Essays

To: Prof. Chalmers From: Travis Ramme and Meghan Smith Date: April 26th, 2007 Re: Ms. Chalmers’ Compensation Choices 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Sally Jameson or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ignoring taxation and other constraints, Ms. Jameson is better off taking the options. The stock currently trading at $18. 75 and the exercise price is $35. This may seem drastically far away. However, 5 year T-Bill rates are currently at 6. 02%. Combined with a current stock volatility of approximately 42%, this allows each option to be valued at approximately $4. 93. At this amount, Ms. Jameson’s options would be presently worth $14,790 were she to sell them. Where she to hold them instead, Ms. Jameson’s potential upside is limitless. Her possible gains would be equal to her number of options multiplied by the difference between the stock price and her exercise price of $35, assuming that the stock price is higher than $35. There is risk involved, however. If Ms. Jameson decides to hold onto the options and not sell them, it would be possible for her to earn nothing. If the stocks price where to stay below $35 dollars, Ms. Jameson’s options would be worth nothing. Comparatively, the $5000 cash bonus, where it to be invested over the 5 years at the risk free rate of 6. 02%, would yield only $6697. 44. 2. If Ms. Jameson was not allowed to sell her options before the allotted 5 years, the choice to take the options would have much more inherent risk. The current value of the options is derived from their market value. This market value means nothing if Ms. Jameson cannot sell the options. If this where the case, Ms. Jameson’s potential profits would be created solely by the Telstar stock rising to a price that was greater than $35 by the end of 5 years. In fact, to equal the $6697. 44 value of the bonus she could have chosen instead, the stock would have to reach a price of at least $37. 23. This value would allow the 3000 options to be exercised for a profit of $6697. 44. This, however, is ignoring the fact that Ms. Jameson would have to pay taxes and transaction fees. If Ms. Jameson was not allowed to sell her options, she should choose the $5000 up front bonus. It represents a less risky asset. 3. Companies are often inclined to use stock options to compensate employees rather than exhausting cash flow. It does not directly cost a company anything in terms of â€Å"accounting costs. † There is, however, an implied economic cost equal to that of outside investors’ costs. The cost of a stock option is more or less a perceived cost, as the true value is not concrete and is virtually unknown at the time of issuance. This is due to the length of the option and specified strike price being of possible value at expiration date. The current value of an option is dependent on the performance of the company and its stock price, that is, in the future. Executive stock options help align an executive employee’s monetary compensation with both individual performance and the overall performance of the firm. In this sense, an executive is encouraged to act in the best interests of the firm and to also to take some risks to grow the company in which they work for and thus, increase the company’s stock prices. Stock options are an effective way to correlate performance and compensation, but mainly only for employees that are in positions that can have an affect on the company’s performance. Employees in executive, decision-making positions have the ability to impact the profitability and growth of the organization, whereas administrative assistant positions would not be as likely to improve performance due to being compensated with stock options. Companies could better individualize compensation packages for different positions. Executive positions fit the stock options benefit plan while administrative assistants may prefer stock purchasing rights rather than options. Other employees that fall somewhere in the middle would be better suited for a combination of monetary compensation, stock options and stock in the firm. In addition, stock options with a lessened length of time to the expiration date may prove to drive option-holding employees to set short-term, achievable goals. Employees would be given successive stock options to promote their care for the company without feeling as though they are being forced to stay with the organization. This set up of granting stock options would also help to encourage performance of employees to lead to both the short and long term success of the firm. . If Ms. Jameson decided that the option was a better deal, but was concerned with being too committed and reliant on the fortunes of Telstar, she could modify her compensation package to better suit her individual needs. Ms. Jameson would be taking considerable risk by keeping all of her bonus in Telstar for stock options with such a lengthy expiration date a nd also due to the historical data of Telstar showing that only stock prices reached $35 (the exercise price) only once. Instead of holding on to all 3,000 issued stock options, Ms. Jameson could keep a portion of the stock options and trade some in the market. Keeping some Telstar stock options would help keep her tied to the company without making her feel that she is bound to the company for the next five years or that she is facing enormous risk of losing her bonus altogether. By doing this, Ms. Jameson would provide herself with the opportunity to make investments outside of Telstar, and thus, better diversify her investments. How to cite Sally Jameson, Papers

Value Chain Activities

Question: Discuss about the case study of Value Chain Activities. Answer: Introduction to Value Chain Analysis There are different set of activities which any company in any specific industry needs to carry out so as to provide valuable services or products to its customers. It forms a very important part any companys competitive strategy (Fearne, 2012). It contains a set of primary and secondary activities which is presented in the next section. Fig. 1: Value Chain by Michael Porter Primary Activities The Primary activities are the one which the company needs to perform and excel in so as to create the value which will satisfy its customers. As per Michael Porters value chain (Fig. 1), the primary activities include Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, Sales and Marketing and Service. These activities define the way the company operates and have direct impact on its reputation in the market. Secondary Activities The secondary activities support the primary activities to be performed by the company in order to create the valuable product or service. These include the activities like Procurement, Technology, Human Resource Management and Firm Infrastructure. These help the company to carry out their primary activities (Hollensen, 2015). Cost Advantages and Value Chain The company performs cost benefit analysis every time it starts its operations. These help in identifying the shortcomings in the value chain process. It also helps in getting to know the exact cost advantages that the company will achieve with the proper implementation of its value chain. Differentiation and Value Chain The value chain comprises of activities like logistics, operations, marketing where companies try to apply unique strategies which will give them a competitive edge over their competitors. This creates a differentiation between products and services provided by them with those of the competitors and help the company to provide valuable product to their customers. Technology and the Value Chain Technology acts as a supporting tool within the value chain. It helps the companies to enhance their primary activities with inclusion of newer technologies in the respective fields (Soosay, 2012). For example, the companies use latest supply chain tool to track their logistics and operations. The technology also helps in bringing all the departments within a company in the same platform. Linkages between Value Chain Activities The value chain activities are tightly linked with each other. All the activities are closely related and cannot provide value with any of the missing activity. All the primary activities are required to complete the supply chain cycle in the best possible manner. To complete the primary activities, supporting activities like human resource, technology, infrastructure and procurement are very much essential. Outsourcing Value Chain Activities Some of the value chain activities are generally outsourced to third party companies so as to allow the firm to focus on their core competency (Simatupang, 2014). Primary activities like Inbound and Outbound logistics are generally outsourced to logistics provider so as to keep the firms focus towards operations which will provide the product which will satisfy the customers. Conclusion In the above sections, we have discussed about the primary and secondary activities of the value chain analysis and its linkages with various other parameters. Companies try to differentiate themselves with other competitors with the help of value chain analysis. References Fearne, A., Garcia Martinez, M. and Dent, B., 2012. Dimensions of sustainable value chains: implications for value chain analysis. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(6), pp.575-581. Hollensen, S., 2015. Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Soosay, C., Fearne, A. and Dent, B., 2012. Sustainable value chain analysis-A case study of Oxford Landing from vine to dine. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), pp.68-77. Simatupang, T.M., Piboonrungroj, P. and Williams, S.J., 2014. The Emergence of Value Chain Thinking. Proceedings of T-LOG.

Vehicle Supporting Processes

American Eagle Outfitters Vs. Aéropostal

American Eagle Outfitters Vs. Aà ©ropostal Introduction American Eagle Outfitters (AEO) is a well established clothing retailer with stores in various towns and cities across the world. The company was established in 1977 by Jerry and Mark Silverman. In 1991, however, an abortive expansion plan resulted in huge financial losses for the company.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on American Eagle Outfitters Vs. Aà ©ropostal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This forced the Silverman family to sell their rights and thus ownership was transferred to the Schottenstein family. Change of ownership resulted in an overhaul of the company’s operations. As a result, the company managed to sustain growth in the last decade. Currently, American Eagle Outfitters has a total of 1,086 stores. The stores mainly sell the company’s key brands namely, American eagle, Aerie, and 77 kids. The company has stores in the United States, Canada, Central and South Ame rica, and the Middle East. American Eagle Outfitters specializes in a wide range of products including clothing, accessories, and footwear, among others. The company also runs an online store where consumers across the world can shop using their debit or credit cards. The company has a workforce of 34, 900 employees. The company has managed to segment the market using various brands. Aerie, for example, is a brand whose target market includes females between the ages of 15 to 24. On the other hand, 77 kids targets toddlers of between 0-24 months. This strategy has ensured a continued rise in the company’s net income after the 2008 global financial crisis. For example, in 2011, American eagle net income rose to $ 151.7 million. This is a 7% increase from 2010 when the net income reported was $ 148 million (American Eagle, n. d.). Aà ©ropostale is one of American eagle outfitters’ main competitors. The company was established in 1987 by Bryan Alberto. The company has a total of 1,008 stores spread across North America, Central America, and the Middle East. In 2005, the company established an online store. The venture has proved quite successful with the store reporting net sales in excess of $ 150 million. The company’s main target market mainly includes teenagers of between 14 and 17 years. In addition, the company has also launched P.S, a children’s clothing store. The store’s main target market is children between the ages of 7 and12 years.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the stores have expanded their focus to include products for children between the ages of 5 and 7 years. Aà ©ropostale has 17,828 employees and prides itself in such core values such integrity, teamwork, respect and compassion. The main aim of the report is to give an in depth comparison between American Eagle Outfitter s (AEO) and Aà ©ropostale clothing retailers. In this case, the comparison will be based on various economic aspects including selection, pricing, breadth and depth of assortment. The report further explores employees’ welfare including employee satisfaction, work, and incentive programs. Discussion Brands In order to increase their bottom lines, the above companies have introduced a variety of brands.The companies’ main aim is to increase products available to customers. AEO has three major stores. Each of these stores stocks an assortment of products that is different from the other stores. AEO stores stocks clothes and accessories for both men and women between ages of 18-24 (American Eagle American, n.d). Men’s clothing includes shirts, polo shirts, graphic t-shirts and sweat shirts. Also, the store stocks bottoms such as jeans, pants, shorts and boat shorts. Women’s clothing includes tops, graphic t-shirts and stylish tank tops. Also, the store cont ains swim wear whose net sales rise during the summer. The store has a wide variety of footwear and accessories. Men’s footwear includes boots, casuals and sneakers while women footwear includes sandals, heels, flats, boots and sneakers. The accessories department has a range of products including bags, wallets, sun glasses, jewelry and hats. Aerie stores, specialize in women clothing including undergarments and other accessories. 77 Kids stores stocks a variety of children’s clothing and accessories. Products cater for toddlers up to fourteen year olds. Aà ©ropostale stores mainly target teenagers. The stores have products for boys and girls. Some of the products include camis, tank tops, fashion tops for girls. On the other hand, boy’s clothing includes hoodies, polos, tees and Henleys (Aeropostal Careers, n. d.). Aà ©ropostale also introduced surfing themed collection aimed at increasing sales at the stores. P.S, a subsidiary of aà ©ropostale stores, stock s children clothing and accessories. The store’s main target market is children between the ages of 7 and12 years. Pricing Pricing is an important aspect of any competitive market. Competitors ensure reduced costs so as to offer consumers the lowest prices in the market (Wilkie, 2008). Both AEO and Aà ©ropostale have different prices for their range of products. The following table is a brief comparison of prices of both companies’ spring collection products;Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on American Eagle Outfitters Vs. Aà ©ropostal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aà ©ropostale/Item Price American Eagle/Item Price Aero 87 So Cal Graphic T $ 9.00 AE Signature Graphic T $ 15.50 Solid a87 pique polo $26.50 AE Athletic Fit Pique $ 19.99 Western plaid shirt $ 22.00 AE Plaid Button –up shirt $ 34.99 Boot cut jean light wash $ 20.00 Boot cut jean Light wash $29.99 Floral Hentl ey dress $ 24.00 AE Floral Corset dress $29.99 Leopard Aviator Sunglasses $ 12.00 AE white aviator sun glasses $ 15.50 Aero 87 lace up sneakers $ 20.00 AE Lace-up sneaker $19.50 Aero nyc 1987 fragrance –large bottle $ 12.50 AE Live Roller ball for her $ 12.50 The above table offers a comparison of some of the products sold by both Aà ©ropostale and AEO. Both stores offer discount s to their customers. Aà ©ropostale offers customers a discount of up to 70% for its spring collection. On the other hand, American eagle offers its customers a discount of up to 50% for its spring collection buy off. Employee welfare Aà ©ropostale prides itself in an organizational culture guided by its core values including integrity, teamwork, respect and compassion. The company was rated by Fortune magazine among the best companies for an individual to work for. Various incentives are offered in the company including cash awards and employee of the month awards (Aeropostal Careers, n. d.). Also, new employees are trained on aspects such as customer relations. This is important as new employees appreciate the importance of adequate of product knowledge. Employees at AEO have the freedom to interact with customers with minimum interference from senior staff (Gurufocus, n. d.). Also, the company has a wide range of employment opportunities. Therefore, high school and college students are in a position to apply for sales associate jobs. The company has put a lot of emphasis on customer satisfaction. Therefore, the company organizes seminars and retreats for its employee to enhance product knowledge on any new products introduced at the store. Reference List Aeropostal Careers. (n.d.). Careers in Aà ©ropostale. Web. American Eagle. (n. d.). American Eagle Outfitters. Web. Gurufocus. (n.d.). American Eagle Outfitters operating results. Web. Wilkie, W. L. (2008). Consumer behavior. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More